Review



gel precursor filled transwell  (Greiner Bio)


Bioz Verified Symbol Greiner Bio is a verified supplier  
  • Logo
  • About
  • News
  • Press Release
  • Team
  • Advisors
  • Partners
  • Contact
  • Bioz Stars
  • Bioz vStars
  • 97

    Structured Review

    Greiner Bio gel precursor filled transwell
    Unless stated otherwise, data are mean ± s.d. Statistics: unpaired two-tailed Welch’s t -test; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P > 0.05 (ns, not significant). a <t>Transwell</t> assay schematic: A549 cells in the lower well; AlgTA + lactate oxidase (LOx) + horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the insert. Cell-secreted lactate diffuses into the insert and is oxidised by LOx to generate H 2 O 2 , which HRP uses to oxidatively couple AlgTA phenols and form a gel (see also Fig. ). Created in BioRender. Braun, M. (2026) https://BioRender.com/569s2eu . b Representative fluorescence micrographs of A549 cells at days 1–3. Stains: Calcein AM (live, green), NucBlue (nuclei, blue), propidium iodide (dead, red), n = 3 independent experiments. Scale bars, 100 µm. c Resazurin-based metabolic activity ( n = 9 wells) from 3 independent experiments. Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.054, day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. d Relative proteome profiling of selected tumour-associated proteins in AlgTA/LOx/HRP-treated cultures at day 2 versus matched controls ( n = 3 biological replicates, 10 wells each, 2 on-membrane replicates). Shades of red indicate decreased, and shades of green indicate increased relative protein abundance. e Evolution of mechanics and transport: Young’s modulus E measured by nanoindentation ( n = 9 indentations from 3 gels; see the “Methods” section) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) diffusion-time ratio ( τ gel / τ buffer ) for gels formed at days 1–3 after equilibration in tracer-containing PBS ( n = 4 positions per gel). f Lactate concentration under the indicated conditions at days 1–3. ( n = 6 samples from 2 independent experiments). Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.005; day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. g Extracellular H 2 O 2 quantified by a fluorimetric hydrogen peroxide assay at days 1–3 ( n = 4 samples).
    Gel Precursor Filled Transwell, supplied by Greiner Bio, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 546 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/24+well+plate/Thincert+Cell+Culture+Insert+For+24+Well+Plates/pmc13619628-326-44-47
    Average 97 stars, based on 546 article reviews
    gel precursor filled transwell - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    97/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Cell-derived lactate triggers local hydrogelation and phenotype remodelling"

    Article Title: Cell-derived lactate triggers local hydrogelation and phenotype remodelling

    Journal: Nature Communications

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-77702-x

    Unless stated otherwise, data are mean ± s.d. Statistics: unpaired two-tailed Welch’s t -test; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P > 0.05 (ns, not significant). a Transwell assay schematic: A549 cells in the lower well; AlgTA + lactate oxidase (LOx) + horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the insert. Cell-secreted lactate diffuses into the insert and is oxidised by LOx to generate H 2 O 2 , which HRP uses to oxidatively couple AlgTA phenols and form a gel (see also Fig. ). Created in BioRender. Braun, M. (2026) https://BioRender.com/569s2eu . b Representative fluorescence micrographs of A549 cells at days 1–3. Stains: Calcein AM (live, green), NucBlue (nuclei, blue), propidium iodide (dead, red), n = 3 independent experiments. Scale bars, 100 µm. c Resazurin-based metabolic activity ( n = 9 wells) from 3 independent experiments. Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.054, day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. d Relative proteome profiling of selected tumour-associated proteins in AlgTA/LOx/HRP-treated cultures at day 2 versus matched controls ( n = 3 biological replicates, 10 wells each, 2 on-membrane replicates). Shades of red indicate decreased, and shades of green indicate increased relative protein abundance. e Evolution of mechanics and transport: Young’s modulus E measured by nanoindentation ( n = 9 indentations from 3 gels; see the “Methods” section) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) diffusion-time ratio ( τ gel / τ buffer ) for gels formed at days 1–3 after equilibration in tracer-containing PBS ( n = 4 positions per gel). f Lactate concentration under the indicated conditions at days 1–3. ( n = 6 samples from 2 independent experiments). Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.005; day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. g Extracellular H 2 O 2 quantified by a fluorimetric hydrogen peroxide assay at days 1–3 ( n = 4 samples).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Unless stated otherwise, data are mean ± s.d. Statistics: unpaired two-tailed Welch’s t -test; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P > 0.05 (ns, not significant). a Transwell assay schematic: A549 cells in the lower well; AlgTA + lactate oxidase (LOx) + horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the insert. Cell-secreted lactate diffuses into the insert and is oxidised by LOx to generate H 2 O 2 , which HRP uses to oxidatively couple AlgTA phenols and form a gel (see also Fig. ). Created in BioRender. Braun, M. (2026) https://BioRender.com/569s2eu . b Representative fluorescence micrographs of A549 cells at days 1–3. Stains: Calcein AM (live, green), NucBlue (nuclei, blue), propidium iodide (dead, red), n = 3 independent experiments. Scale bars, 100 µm. c Resazurin-based metabolic activity ( n = 9 wells) from 3 independent experiments. Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.054, day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. d Relative proteome profiling of selected tumour-associated proteins in AlgTA/LOx/HRP-treated cultures at day 2 versus matched controls ( n = 3 biological replicates, 10 wells each, 2 on-membrane replicates). Shades of red indicate decreased, and shades of green indicate increased relative protein abundance. e Evolution of mechanics and transport: Young’s modulus E measured by nanoindentation ( n = 9 indentations from 3 gels; see the “Methods” section) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) diffusion-time ratio ( τ gel / τ buffer ) for gels formed at days 1–3 after equilibration in tracer-containing PBS ( n = 4 positions per gel). f Lactate concentration under the indicated conditions at days 1–3. ( n = 6 samples from 2 independent experiments). Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.005; day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. g Extracellular H 2 O 2 quantified by a fluorimetric hydrogen peroxide assay at days 1–3 ( n = 4 samples).

    Techniques Used: Two Tailed Test, Transwell Assay, Fluorescence, Activity Assay, Profiling, Membrane, Quantitative Proteomics, Spectroscopy, Diffusion-based Assay, Concentration Assay, H2O2 Assay

    Unless stated otherwise, data are mean ± s.d. (day 2). Statistics: unpaired two-tailed Welch’s t -test; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P > 0.05 (ns, not significant). Formulation: 3 wt% AlgTA, 10 U mL −1 HRP, 1 U mL −1 LOx; control: DMEM supplemented with FBS. a Communication cascade: spheroid-secreted lactate is converted by LOx/HRP to H 2 O 2 , driving phenol coupling and in situ AlgTA gelation around the spheroid (schematic) and photograph of encapsulated spheroids. Scale bar, 2 mm. Created in BioRender. Braun, M. (2026) https://BioRender.com/569s2eu . b Representative fluorescence micrographs of A549 spheroids: F-actin (phalloidin, green) and nuclei (NucBlue, blue), n = 3 independent experiments. Top: control (regular medium). Bottom: AlgTA/LOx/HRP, showing actin-rich protrusions. Scale bars, 100 µm. c Calibration of hydrogel crosslinking with defined lactate concentrations (green). Correlation between the diffusion-time ratio of Alexa488-BSA ( τ gel / τ buffer ) and known concentrations of lactate (0–10 mM sodium lactate). d Spatial transport mapping by FCS: diffusion-time ratio ( τ gel / τ buffer ) and apparent lactate-equivalent concentration ( c lac , eq ) versus distance from the spheroid surface. Individual values were taken at three parallel offset distances and are shown with a line representing the mean. e Proteomics (3D, day 2): relative abundance of selected tumour-associated proteins in AlgTA/LOx/HRP versus control ( n = 3 biological replicates, 12 spheroids each, 2 on-membrane replicates). Red indicates decreased, and green indicates increased relative protein abundance. f Proteomic profiling of treated AlgTA/LOx/HRP 2D Transwell and 3D spheroid cultures. Filled bars indicate the condition showing the stronger relative response. 3D: 3 biological replicates, 12 spheroids each, 2 on-membrane replicates; 2D: n = 3 biological replicates, 10 wells each, 2 on-membrane replicates. g Representative spheroid diameter with and without AlgTA/LOx/HRP; 16 spheroids per condition. Shown P -values: AlgTA/LOx/HRP day 0 vs day 2, P = 0.546; control day 0 vs day 2, P < 0.001; AlgTA/LOx/HRP day 2 vs control day 0, P < 0.001, n = 3 experiments. h Metabolism under encapsulation ( n = 3 independent experiments): CellTiter-Glo® 3D (ATP, n = 9 wells, P < 0.001) and resazurin (NADH, n = 9 wells, P < 0.001) assays.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Unless stated otherwise, data are mean ± s.d. (day 2). Statistics: unpaired two-tailed Welch’s t -test; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P > 0.05 (ns, not significant). Formulation: 3 wt% AlgTA, 10 U mL −1 HRP, 1 U mL −1 LOx; control: DMEM supplemented with FBS. a Communication cascade: spheroid-secreted lactate is converted by LOx/HRP to H 2 O 2 , driving phenol coupling and in situ AlgTA gelation around the spheroid (schematic) and photograph of encapsulated spheroids. Scale bar, 2 mm. Created in BioRender. Braun, M. (2026) https://BioRender.com/569s2eu . b Representative fluorescence micrographs of A549 spheroids: F-actin (phalloidin, green) and nuclei (NucBlue, blue), n = 3 independent experiments. Top: control (regular medium). Bottom: AlgTA/LOx/HRP, showing actin-rich protrusions. Scale bars, 100 µm. c Calibration of hydrogel crosslinking with defined lactate concentrations (green). Correlation between the diffusion-time ratio of Alexa488-BSA ( τ gel / τ buffer ) and known concentrations of lactate (0–10 mM sodium lactate). d Spatial transport mapping by FCS: diffusion-time ratio ( τ gel / τ buffer ) and apparent lactate-equivalent concentration ( c lac , eq ) versus distance from the spheroid surface. Individual values were taken at three parallel offset distances and are shown with a line representing the mean. e Proteomics (3D, day 2): relative abundance of selected tumour-associated proteins in AlgTA/LOx/HRP versus control ( n = 3 biological replicates, 12 spheroids each, 2 on-membrane replicates). Red indicates decreased, and green indicates increased relative protein abundance. f Proteomic profiling of treated AlgTA/LOx/HRP 2D Transwell and 3D spheroid cultures. Filled bars indicate the condition showing the stronger relative response. 3D: 3 biological replicates, 12 spheroids each, 2 on-membrane replicates; 2D: n = 3 biological replicates, 10 wells each, 2 on-membrane replicates. g Representative spheroid diameter with and without AlgTA/LOx/HRP; 16 spheroids per condition. Shown P -values: AlgTA/LOx/HRP day 0 vs day 2, P = 0.546; control day 0 vs day 2, P < 0.001; AlgTA/LOx/HRP day 2 vs control day 0, P < 0.001, n = 3 experiments. h Metabolism under encapsulation ( n = 3 independent experiments): CellTiter-Glo® 3D (ATP, n = 9 wells, P < 0.001) and resazurin (NADH, n = 9 wells, P < 0.001) assays.

    Techniques Used: Two Tailed Test, Formulation, Control, In Situ, Spheroids, Fluorescence, Diffusion-based Assay, Concentration Assay, Membrane, Quantitative Proteomics, Profiling, Encapsulation

    Related Articles

    other:

    Article Title: Coagulative Granular Hydrogels with an Enzyme Catalyzed Fibrin Network for Endogenous Tissue Regeneration.
    Article Snippet: Measurements were performed with samples loaded in a sandblasted 24-well plate (Greiner BioOne 662160) attached to the plate at 37◦C.

    Article Title: ER protein CLCC1 promotes nuclear envelope fusion in herpesviral and host processes
    Article Snippet: For visualizing nuclear egress, HeLa/Int_4/cko3_bulk cells were seeded at 75,000 cells/well in a 24-well plate (Greiner Bio-One, 662160) with a glass coverslip in each well (Chemglass, CLS-1760-012).

    Article Title: ER protein CLCC1 promotes nuclear envelope fusion in herpesviral and host processes.
    Article Snippet: For visualizing nuclear egress, HeLa/Int_4/cko3_bulk cells were seeded at 75,000 cells/well in a 24-well plate (Greiner Bio-One, 662160) with a glass coverslip in each well (Chemglass, CLS-1760-012).

    Article Title: High-Throughput Mechanomic Screening Reveals Novel Regulators of Single-Cell Mechanics.
    Article Snippet: The cell-dsRNA mix was transferred to a 24-well plate (Greiner Bio-One, Frickenhausen, Germany, 662160), where it was placed as a single droplet in the center of one well and left to settle for 1 hour.

    Article Title: Light-induced physicochemical alterations of photoacid-containing nanogels allow spatiotemporal control over their cellular uptake.
    Article Snippet: Based on the parameters of the 24-well plate (Greiner bio-one, Cat.-No.662160) provided by the manufacturer, we calculated the radiant area of the LED light corresponding to each well.

    Article Title: EED inhibitor, and preparation method therefor and use thereof
    Article Snippet: Cells in exponential growth phase were seeded into a 24-well plate (Greiner, product No. 662160) at a density of 2×104 cells/well with 1 mL of medium per well.

    Imaging:

    Article Title: Fibroblast-derived Collagen VI shapes the structure and function of the tumor-immune microenvironment in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
    Article Snippet: .. In brief, glass coverslips, 35 mm, low, glass-bottom dishes (80137, Ibidi) or transwell inserts, 8 μm pore for 24-well plate (662638, Greiner) were coated with gelatin (G1890, Sigma-Aldrich) and crosslinked with GA (glutaraldehyde, 4157.2, Carl Roth) for imaging assays, whereas uncoated 10 cm dishes were used for CDMs used for proteomic or transcriptomic analysis. .. Cells were seeded to reach confluence within 1–3 days and then cultured for 7 days (if not indicated otherwise) in medium supplemented with 50 μg/ml vitamin C (A4544, Sigma-Aldrich), which was renewed daily.

    Saline:

    Article Title: Cryopreservation of cell monolayers
    Article Snippet: HUVECs were sub-cultured on two different substrates, namely glass (clear borosilicate glass, 72190-09, 9×9 mm) and RinzlTM (clear vinyl plastic, 72261-18, 18×18 mm, cut into 9×9 mm pieces) coverslips (both from Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA). .. Coverslips were sterilized by immersing in 70% ethanol for at least 30 min, then washed with 25 ml phosphate buffered saline (1×PBS, 100-10-023, Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA) for 15 min before transfer to a 24-well plate (Cellstar®, 662160, Greiner Bio-One, Monroe, NC, USA). ..



    Similar Products

    96
    Guangzhou JET Bio-Filtration well plates
    Well Plates, supplied by Guangzhou JET Bio-Filtration, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/24+well+plate/24+Well+Cell+Culture+Plates/pm42839251-122-1-20
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    well plates - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    97
    Greiner Bio gel precursor filled transwell
    Unless stated otherwise, data are mean ± s.d. Statistics: unpaired two-tailed Welch’s t -test; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P > 0.05 (ns, not significant). a <t>Transwell</t> assay schematic: A549 cells in the lower well; AlgTA + lactate oxidase (LOx) + horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the insert. Cell-secreted lactate diffuses into the insert and is oxidised by LOx to generate H 2 O 2 , which HRP uses to oxidatively couple AlgTA phenols and form a gel (see also Fig. ). Created in BioRender. Braun, M. (2026) https://BioRender.com/569s2eu . b Representative fluorescence micrographs of A549 cells at days 1–3. Stains: Calcein AM (live, green), NucBlue (nuclei, blue), propidium iodide (dead, red), n = 3 independent experiments. Scale bars, 100 µm. c Resazurin-based metabolic activity ( n = 9 wells) from 3 independent experiments. Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.054, day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. d Relative proteome profiling of selected tumour-associated proteins in AlgTA/LOx/HRP-treated cultures at day 2 versus matched controls ( n = 3 biological replicates, 10 wells each, 2 on-membrane replicates). Shades of red indicate decreased, and shades of green indicate increased relative protein abundance. e Evolution of mechanics and transport: Young’s modulus E measured by nanoindentation ( n = 9 indentations from 3 gels; see the “Methods” section) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) diffusion-time ratio ( τ gel / τ buffer ) for gels formed at days 1–3 after equilibration in tracer-containing PBS ( n = 4 positions per gel). f Lactate concentration under the indicated conditions at days 1–3. ( n = 6 samples from 2 independent experiments). Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.005; day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. g Extracellular H 2 O 2 quantified by a fluorimetric hydrogen peroxide assay at days 1–3 ( n = 4 samples).
    Gel Precursor Filled Transwell, supplied by Greiner Bio, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/24+well+plate/Thincert+Cell+Culture+Insert+For+24+Well+Plates/pmc13619628-326-44-47
    Average 97 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    gel precursor filled transwell - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    97/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    97
    Greiner Bio polyethylene terephthalate pet membrane inserts
    Unless stated otherwise, data are mean ± s.d. Statistics: unpaired two-tailed Welch’s t -test; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P > 0.05 (ns, not significant). a <t>Transwell</t> assay schematic: A549 cells in the lower well; AlgTA + lactate oxidase (LOx) + horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the insert. Cell-secreted lactate diffuses into the insert and is oxidised by LOx to generate H 2 O 2 , which HRP uses to oxidatively couple AlgTA phenols and form a gel (see also Fig. ). Created in BioRender. Braun, M. (2026) https://BioRender.com/569s2eu . b Representative fluorescence micrographs of A549 cells at days 1–3. Stains: Calcein AM (live, green), NucBlue (nuclei, blue), propidium iodide (dead, red), n = 3 independent experiments. Scale bars, 100 µm. c Resazurin-based metabolic activity ( n = 9 wells) from 3 independent experiments. Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.054, day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. d Relative proteome profiling of selected tumour-associated proteins in AlgTA/LOx/HRP-treated cultures at day 2 versus matched controls ( n = 3 biological replicates, 10 wells each, 2 on-membrane replicates). Shades of red indicate decreased, and shades of green indicate increased relative protein abundance. e Evolution of mechanics and transport: Young’s modulus E measured by nanoindentation ( n = 9 indentations from 3 gels; see the “Methods” section) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) diffusion-time ratio ( τ gel / τ buffer ) for gels formed at days 1–3 after equilibration in tracer-containing PBS ( n = 4 positions per gel). f Lactate concentration under the indicated conditions at days 1–3. ( n = 6 samples from 2 independent experiments). Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.005; day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. g Extracellular H 2 O 2 quantified by a fluorimetric hydrogen peroxide assay at days 1–3 ( n = 4 samples).
    Polyethylene Terephthalate Pet Membrane Inserts, supplied by Greiner Bio, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 97/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/24+well+plate/Thincert+Cell+Culture+Insert+For+24+Well+Plates/pm42792200-80-7-12
    Average 97 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    polyethylene terephthalate pet membrane inserts - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    97/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    96
    Greiner Bio tumor spheroids
    Unless stated otherwise, data are mean ± s.d. Statistics: unpaired two-tailed Welch’s t -test; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P > 0.05 (ns, not significant). a <t>Transwell</t> assay schematic: A549 cells in the lower well; AlgTA + lactate oxidase (LOx) + horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the insert. Cell-secreted lactate diffuses into the insert and is oxidised by LOx to generate H 2 O 2 , which HRP uses to oxidatively couple AlgTA phenols and form a gel (see also Fig. ). Created in BioRender. Braun, M. (2026) https://BioRender.com/569s2eu . b Representative fluorescence micrographs of A549 cells at days 1–3. Stains: Calcein AM (live, green), NucBlue (nuclei, blue), propidium iodide (dead, red), n = 3 independent experiments. Scale bars, 100 µm. c Resazurin-based metabolic activity ( n = 9 wells) from 3 independent experiments. Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.054, day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. d Relative proteome profiling of selected tumour-associated proteins in AlgTA/LOx/HRP-treated cultures at day 2 versus matched controls ( n = 3 biological replicates, 10 wells each, 2 on-membrane replicates). Shades of red indicate decreased, and shades of green indicate increased relative protein abundance. e Evolution of mechanics and transport: Young’s modulus E measured by nanoindentation ( n = 9 indentations from 3 gels; see the “Methods” section) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) diffusion-time ratio ( τ gel / τ buffer ) for gels formed at days 1–3 after equilibration in tracer-containing PBS ( n = 4 positions per gel). f Lactate concentration under the indicated conditions at days 1–3. ( n = 6 samples from 2 independent experiments). Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.005; day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. g Extracellular H 2 O 2 quantified by a fluorimetric hydrogen peroxide assay at days 1–3 ( n = 4 samples).
    Tumor Spheroids, supplied by Greiner Bio, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/24+well+plate/Cell+Culture+Multiwell+Plate+24+Well+Ps/pm42815047-166-3-11
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    tumor spheroids - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    86
    Sarstedt 24 well plates
    Unless stated otherwise, data are mean ± s.d. Statistics: unpaired two-tailed Welch’s t -test; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P > 0.05 (ns, not significant). a <t>Transwell</t> assay schematic: A549 cells in the lower well; AlgTA + lactate oxidase (LOx) + horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the insert. Cell-secreted lactate diffuses into the insert and is oxidised by LOx to generate H 2 O 2 , which HRP uses to oxidatively couple AlgTA phenols and form a gel (see also Fig. ). Created in BioRender. Braun, M. (2026) https://BioRender.com/569s2eu . b Representative fluorescence micrographs of A549 cells at days 1–3. Stains: Calcein AM (live, green), NucBlue (nuclei, blue), propidium iodide (dead, red), n = 3 independent experiments. Scale bars, 100 µm. c Resazurin-based metabolic activity ( n = 9 wells) from 3 independent experiments. Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.054, day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. d Relative proteome profiling of selected tumour-associated proteins in AlgTA/LOx/HRP-treated cultures at day 2 versus matched controls ( n = 3 biological replicates, 10 wells each, 2 on-membrane replicates). Shades of red indicate decreased, and shades of green indicate increased relative protein abundance. e Evolution of mechanics and transport: Young’s modulus E measured by nanoindentation ( n = 9 indentations from 3 gels; see the “Methods” section) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) diffusion-time ratio ( τ gel / τ buffer ) for gels formed at days 1–3 after equilibration in tracer-containing PBS ( n = 4 positions per gel). f Lactate concentration under the indicated conditions at days 1–3. ( n = 6 samples from 2 independent experiments). Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.005; day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. g Extracellular H 2 O 2 quantified by a fluorimetric hydrogen peroxide assay at days 1–3 ( n = 4 samples).
    24 Well Plates, supplied by Sarstedt, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/24+well+plate/96+plate+well/pmc13138298-110-1-3
    Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    24 well plates - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    86/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    94
    CELLTREAT Scientific 24 well plate
    Unless stated otherwise, data are mean ± s.d. Statistics: unpaired two-tailed Welch’s t -test; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P > 0.05 (ns, not significant). a <t>Transwell</t> assay schematic: A549 cells in the lower well; AlgTA + lactate oxidase (LOx) + horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the insert. Cell-secreted lactate diffuses into the insert and is oxidised by LOx to generate H 2 O 2 , which HRP uses to oxidatively couple AlgTA phenols and form a gel (see also Fig. ). Created in BioRender. Braun, M. (2026) https://BioRender.com/569s2eu . b Representative fluorescence micrographs of A549 cells at days 1–3. Stains: Calcein AM (live, green), NucBlue (nuclei, blue), propidium iodide (dead, red), n = 3 independent experiments. Scale bars, 100 µm. c Resazurin-based metabolic activity ( n = 9 wells) from 3 independent experiments. Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.054, day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. d Relative proteome profiling of selected tumour-associated proteins in AlgTA/LOx/HRP-treated cultures at day 2 versus matched controls ( n = 3 biological replicates, 10 wells each, 2 on-membrane replicates). Shades of red indicate decreased, and shades of green indicate increased relative protein abundance. e Evolution of mechanics and transport: Young’s modulus E measured by nanoindentation ( n = 9 indentations from 3 gels; see the “Methods” section) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) diffusion-time ratio ( τ gel / τ buffer ) for gels formed at days 1–3 after equilibration in tracer-containing PBS ( n = 4 positions per gel). f Lactate concentration under the indicated conditions at days 1–3. ( n = 6 samples from 2 independent experiments). Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.005; day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. g Extracellular H 2 O 2 quantified by a fluorimetric hydrogen peroxide assay at days 1–3 ( n = 4 samples).
    24 Well Plate, supplied by CELLTREAT Scientific, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/24+well+plate/Non-treated+Multiple+Well+Plates/pm42664235-69-8-10
    Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    24 well plate - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    94/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    96
    Greiner Bio transparent 24 well plates
    Unless stated otherwise, data are mean ± s.d. Statistics: unpaired two-tailed Welch’s t -test; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P > 0.05 (ns, not significant). a <t>Transwell</t> assay schematic: A549 cells in the lower well; AlgTA + lactate oxidase (LOx) + horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the insert. Cell-secreted lactate diffuses into the insert and is oxidised by LOx to generate H 2 O 2 , which HRP uses to oxidatively couple AlgTA phenols and form a gel (see also Fig. ). Created in BioRender. Braun, M. (2026) https://BioRender.com/569s2eu . b Representative fluorescence micrographs of A549 cells at days 1–3. Stains: Calcein AM (live, green), NucBlue (nuclei, blue), propidium iodide (dead, red), n = 3 independent experiments. Scale bars, 100 µm. c Resazurin-based metabolic activity ( n = 9 wells) from 3 independent experiments. Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.054, day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. d Relative proteome profiling of selected tumour-associated proteins in AlgTA/LOx/HRP-treated cultures at day 2 versus matched controls ( n = 3 biological replicates, 10 wells each, 2 on-membrane replicates). Shades of red indicate decreased, and shades of green indicate increased relative protein abundance. e Evolution of mechanics and transport: Young’s modulus E measured by nanoindentation ( n = 9 indentations from 3 gels; see the “Methods” section) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) diffusion-time ratio ( τ gel / τ buffer ) for gels formed at days 1–3 after equilibration in tracer-containing PBS ( n = 4 positions per gel). f Lactate concentration under the indicated conditions at days 1–3. ( n = 6 samples from 2 independent experiments). Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.005; day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. g Extracellular H 2 O 2 quantified by a fluorimetric hydrogen peroxide assay at days 1–3 ( n = 4 samples).
    Transparent 24 Well Plates, supplied by Greiner Bio, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/24+well+plate/Cell+Culture+Multiwell+Plate+24+Well+Ps/pmc13632895-306-6-12
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    transparent 24 well plates - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    99
    Guangzhou JET Bio-Filtration 24 well plates
    Unless stated otherwise, data are mean ± s.d. Statistics: unpaired two-tailed Welch’s t -test; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P > 0.05 (ns, not significant). a <t>Transwell</t> assay schematic: A549 cells in the lower well; AlgTA + lactate oxidase (LOx) + horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the insert. Cell-secreted lactate diffuses into the insert and is oxidised by LOx to generate H 2 O 2 , which HRP uses to oxidatively couple AlgTA phenols and form a gel (see also Fig. ). Created in BioRender. Braun, M. (2026) https://BioRender.com/569s2eu . b Representative fluorescence micrographs of A549 cells at days 1–3. Stains: Calcein AM (live, green), NucBlue (nuclei, blue), propidium iodide (dead, red), n = 3 independent experiments. Scale bars, 100 µm. c Resazurin-based metabolic activity ( n = 9 wells) from 3 independent experiments. Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.054, day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. d Relative proteome profiling of selected tumour-associated proteins in AlgTA/LOx/HRP-treated cultures at day 2 versus matched controls ( n = 3 biological replicates, 10 wells each, 2 on-membrane replicates). Shades of red indicate decreased, and shades of green indicate increased relative protein abundance. e Evolution of mechanics and transport: Young’s modulus E measured by nanoindentation ( n = 9 indentations from 3 gels; see the “Methods” section) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) diffusion-time ratio ( τ gel / τ buffer ) for gels formed at days 1–3 after equilibration in tracer-containing PBS ( n = 4 positions per gel). f Lactate concentration under the indicated conditions at days 1–3. ( n = 6 samples from 2 independent experiments). Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.005; day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. g Extracellular H 2 O 2 quantified by a fluorimetric hydrogen peroxide assay at days 1–3 ( n = 4 samples).
    24 Well Plates, supplied by Guangzhou JET Bio-Filtration, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/24+well+plate/Tissue+Culture+Plate+Inserts/pm41722401-148-5-12
    Average 99 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    24 well plates - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    99/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    96
    Guangzhou JET Bio-Filtration sterile 24 well plates
    Unless stated otherwise, data are mean ± s.d. Statistics: unpaired two-tailed Welch’s t -test; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P > 0.05 (ns, not significant). a <t>Transwell</t> assay schematic: A549 cells in the lower well; AlgTA + lactate oxidase (LOx) + horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the insert. Cell-secreted lactate diffuses into the insert and is oxidised by LOx to generate H 2 O 2 , which HRP uses to oxidatively couple AlgTA phenols and form a gel (see also Fig. ). Created in BioRender. Braun, M. (2026) https://BioRender.com/569s2eu . b Representative fluorescence micrographs of A549 cells at days 1–3. Stains: Calcein AM (live, green), NucBlue (nuclei, blue), propidium iodide (dead, red), n = 3 independent experiments. Scale bars, 100 µm. c Resazurin-based metabolic activity ( n = 9 wells) from 3 independent experiments. Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.054, day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. d Relative proteome profiling of selected tumour-associated proteins in AlgTA/LOx/HRP-treated cultures at day 2 versus matched controls ( n = 3 biological replicates, 10 wells each, 2 on-membrane replicates). Shades of red indicate decreased, and shades of green indicate increased relative protein abundance. e Evolution of mechanics and transport: Young’s modulus E measured by nanoindentation ( n = 9 indentations from 3 gels; see the “Methods” section) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) diffusion-time ratio ( τ gel / τ buffer ) for gels formed at days 1–3 after equilibration in tracer-containing PBS ( n = 4 positions per gel). f Lactate concentration under the indicated conditions at days 1–3. ( n = 6 samples from 2 independent experiments). Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.005; day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. g Extracellular H 2 O 2 quantified by a fluorimetric hydrogen peroxide assay at days 1–3 ( n = 4 samples).
    Sterile 24 Well Plates, supplied by Guangzhou JET Bio-Filtration, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/24+well+plate/24+Well+Cell+Culture+Plates/pm41961430-37-23-27
    Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    sterile 24 well plates - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    86
    Cellvis Inc glass bottom 24 well plates
    Unless stated otherwise, data are mean ± s.d. Statistics: unpaired two-tailed Welch’s t -test; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P > 0.05 (ns, not significant). a <t>Transwell</t> assay schematic: A549 cells in the lower well; AlgTA + lactate oxidase (LOx) + horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the insert. Cell-secreted lactate diffuses into the insert and is oxidised by LOx to generate H 2 O 2 , which HRP uses to oxidatively couple AlgTA phenols and form a gel (see also Fig. ). Created in BioRender. Braun, M. (2026) https://BioRender.com/569s2eu . b Representative fluorescence micrographs of A549 cells at days 1–3. Stains: Calcein AM (live, green), NucBlue (nuclei, blue), propidium iodide (dead, red), n = 3 independent experiments. Scale bars, 100 µm. c Resazurin-based metabolic activity ( n = 9 wells) from 3 independent experiments. Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.054, day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. d Relative proteome profiling of selected tumour-associated proteins in AlgTA/LOx/HRP-treated cultures at day 2 versus matched controls ( n = 3 biological replicates, 10 wells each, 2 on-membrane replicates). Shades of red indicate decreased, and shades of green indicate increased relative protein abundance. e Evolution of mechanics and transport: Young’s modulus E measured by nanoindentation ( n = 9 indentations from 3 gels; see the “Methods” section) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) diffusion-time ratio ( τ gel / τ buffer ) for gels formed at days 1–3 after equilibration in tracer-containing PBS ( n = 4 positions per gel). f Lactate concentration under the indicated conditions at days 1–3. ( n = 6 samples from 2 independent experiments). Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.005; day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. g Extracellular H 2 O 2 quantified by a fluorimetric hydrogen peroxide assay at days 1–3 ( n = 4 samples).
    Glass Bottom 24 Well Plates, supplied by Cellvis Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/24+well+plate/bottom+dishes+glass/pm42314681-321-13-16
    Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    glass bottom 24 well plates - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    86/100 stars
      Buy from Supplier

    Image Search Results


    Unless stated otherwise, data are mean ± s.d. Statistics: unpaired two-tailed Welch’s t -test; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P > 0.05 (ns, not significant). a Transwell assay schematic: A549 cells in the lower well; AlgTA + lactate oxidase (LOx) + horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the insert. Cell-secreted lactate diffuses into the insert and is oxidised by LOx to generate H 2 O 2 , which HRP uses to oxidatively couple AlgTA phenols and form a gel (see also Fig. ). Created in BioRender. Braun, M. (2026) https://BioRender.com/569s2eu . b Representative fluorescence micrographs of A549 cells at days 1–3. Stains: Calcein AM (live, green), NucBlue (nuclei, blue), propidium iodide (dead, red), n = 3 independent experiments. Scale bars, 100 µm. c Resazurin-based metabolic activity ( n = 9 wells) from 3 independent experiments. Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.054, day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. d Relative proteome profiling of selected tumour-associated proteins in AlgTA/LOx/HRP-treated cultures at day 2 versus matched controls ( n = 3 biological replicates, 10 wells each, 2 on-membrane replicates). Shades of red indicate decreased, and shades of green indicate increased relative protein abundance. e Evolution of mechanics and transport: Young’s modulus E measured by nanoindentation ( n = 9 indentations from 3 gels; see the “Methods” section) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) diffusion-time ratio ( τ gel / τ buffer ) for gels formed at days 1–3 after equilibration in tracer-containing PBS ( n = 4 positions per gel). f Lactate concentration under the indicated conditions at days 1–3. ( n = 6 samples from 2 independent experiments). Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.005; day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. g Extracellular H 2 O 2 quantified by a fluorimetric hydrogen peroxide assay at days 1–3 ( n = 4 samples).

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: Cell-derived lactate triggers local hydrogelation and phenotype remodelling

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-77702-x

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Unless stated otherwise, data are mean ± s.d. Statistics: unpaired two-tailed Welch’s t -test; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P > 0.05 (ns, not significant). a Transwell assay schematic: A549 cells in the lower well; AlgTA + lactate oxidase (LOx) + horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the insert. Cell-secreted lactate diffuses into the insert and is oxidised by LOx to generate H 2 O 2 , which HRP uses to oxidatively couple AlgTA phenols and form a gel (see also Fig. ). Created in BioRender. Braun, M. (2026) https://BioRender.com/569s2eu . b Representative fluorescence micrographs of A549 cells at days 1–3. Stains: Calcein AM (live, green), NucBlue (nuclei, blue), propidium iodide (dead, red), n = 3 independent experiments. Scale bars, 100 µm. c Resazurin-based metabolic activity ( n = 9 wells) from 3 independent experiments. Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.054, day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. d Relative proteome profiling of selected tumour-associated proteins in AlgTA/LOx/HRP-treated cultures at day 2 versus matched controls ( n = 3 biological replicates, 10 wells each, 2 on-membrane replicates). Shades of red indicate decreased, and shades of green indicate increased relative protein abundance. e Evolution of mechanics and transport: Young’s modulus E measured by nanoindentation ( n = 9 indentations from 3 gels; see the “Methods” section) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) diffusion-time ratio ( τ gel / τ buffer ) for gels formed at days 1–3 after equilibration in tracer-containing PBS ( n = 4 positions per gel). f Lactate concentration under the indicated conditions at days 1–3. ( n = 6 samples from 2 independent experiments). Shown P -values: day 1, P = 0.005; day 2, P < 0.001; day 3, P < 0.001. g Extracellular H 2 O 2 quantified by a fluorimetric hydrogen peroxide assay at days 1–3 ( n = 4 samples).

    Article Snippet: 25.000 A549 cells were seeded in a 24-well plate and cultured using 600 μL Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM, high glucose, Gibco 31053-028) supplemented with 10% dialysed foetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco A33820-01) and 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin for 24 h. The medium was exchanged, the gel precursor-filled Transwell (Greiner Bio-One 662641) was added, and the experiment started.

    Techniques: Two Tailed Test, Transwell Assay, Fluorescence, Activity Assay, Profiling, Membrane, Quantitative Proteomics, Spectroscopy, Diffusion-based Assay, Concentration Assay, H2O2 Assay

    Unless stated otherwise, data are mean ± s.d. (day 2). Statistics: unpaired two-tailed Welch’s t -test; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P > 0.05 (ns, not significant). Formulation: 3 wt% AlgTA, 10 U mL −1 HRP, 1 U mL −1 LOx; control: DMEM supplemented with FBS. a Communication cascade: spheroid-secreted lactate is converted by LOx/HRP to H 2 O 2 , driving phenol coupling and in situ AlgTA gelation around the spheroid (schematic) and photograph of encapsulated spheroids. Scale bar, 2 mm. Created in BioRender. Braun, M. (2026) https://BioRender.com/569s2eu . b Representative fluorescence micrographs of A549 spheroids: F-actin (phalloidin, green) and nuclei (NucBlue, blue), n = 3 independent experiments. Top: control (regular medium). Bottom: AlgTA/LOx/HRP, showing actin-rich protrusions. Scale bars, 100 µm. c Calibration of hydrogel crosslinking with defined lactate concentrations (green). Correlation between the diffusion-time ratio of Alexa488-BSA ( τ gel / τ buffer ) and known concentrations of lactate (0–10 mM sodium lactate). d Spatial transport mapping by FCS: diffusion-time ratio ( τ gel / τ buffer ) and apparent lactate-equivalent concentration ( c lac , eq ) versus distance from the spheroid surface. Individual values were taken at three parallel offset distances and are shown with a line representing the mean. e Proteomics (3D, day 2): relative abundance of selected tumour-associated proteins in AlgTA/LOx/HRP versus control ( n = 3 biological replicates, 12 spheroids each, 2 on-membrane replicates). Red indicates decreased, and green indicates increased relative protein abundance. f Proteomic profiling of treated AlgTA/LOx/HRP 2D Transwell and 3D spheroid cultures. Filled bars indicate the condition showing the stronger relative response. 3D: 3 biological replicates, 12 spheroids each, 2 on-membrane replicates; 2D: n = 3 biological replicates, 10 wells each, 2 on-membrane replicates. g Representative spheroid diameter with and without AlgTA/LOx/HRP; 16 spheroids per condition. Shown P -values: AlgTA/LOx/HRP day 0 vs day 2, P = 0.546; control day 0 vs day 2, P < 0.001; AlgTA/LOx/HRP day 2 vs control day 0, P < 0.001, n = 3 experiments. h Metabolism under encapsulation ( n = 3 independent experiments): CellTiter-Glo® 3D (ATP, n = 9 wells, P < 0.001) and resazurin (NADH, n = 9 wells, P < 0.001) assays.

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: Cell-derived lactate triggers local hydrogelation and phenotype remodelling

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-77702-x

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Unless stated otherwise, data are mean ± s.d. (day 2). Statistics: unpaired two-tailed Welch’s t -test; P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P > 0.05 (ns, not significant). Formulation: 3 wt% AlgTA, 10 U mL −1 HRP, 1 U mL −1 LOx; control: DMEM supplemented with FBS. a Communication cascade: spheroid-secreted lactate is converted by LOx/HRP to H 2 O 2 , driving phenol coupling and in situ AlgTA gelation around the spheroid (schematic) and photograph of encapsulated spheroids. Scale bar, 2 mm. Created in BioRender. Braun, M. (2026) https://BioRender.com/569s2eu . b Representative fluorescence micrographs of A549 spheroids: F-actin (phalloidin, green) and nuclei (NucBlue, blue), n = 3 independent experiments. Top: control (regular medium). Bottom: AlgTA/LOx/HRP, showing actin-rich protrusions. Scale bars, 100 µm. c Calibration of hydrogel crosslinking with defined lactate concentrations (green). Correlation between the diffusion-time ratio of Alexa488-BSA ( τ gel / τ buffer ) and known concentrations of lactate (0–10 mM sodium lactate). d Spatial transport mapping by FCS: diffusion-time ratio ( τ gel / τ buffer ) and apparent lactate-equivalent concentration ( c lac , eq ) versus distance from the spheroid surface. Individual values were taken at three parallel offset distances and are shown with a line representing the mean. e Proteomics (3D, day 2): relative abundance of selected tumour-associated proteins in AlgTA/LOx/HRP versus control ( n = 3 biological replicates, 12 spheroids each, 2 on-membrane replicates). Red indicates decreased, and green indicates increased relative protein abundance. f Proteomic profiling of treated AlgTA/LOx/HRP 2D Transwell and 3D spheroid cultures. Filled bars indicate the condition showing the stronger relative response. 3D: 3 biological replicates, 12 spheroids each, 2 on-membrane replicates; 2D: n = 3 biological replicates, 10 wells each, 2 on-membrane replicates. g Representative spheroid diameter with and without AlgTA/LOx/HRP; 16 spheroids per condition. Shown P -values: AlgTA/LOx/HRP day 0 vs day 2, P = 0.546; control day 0 vs day 2, P < 0.001; AlgTA/LOx/HRP day 2 vs control day 0, P < 0.001, n = 3 experiments. h Metabolism under encapsulation ( n = 3 independent experiments): CellTiter-Glo® 3D (ATP, n = 9 wells, P < 0.001) and resazurin (NADH, n = 9 wells, P < 0.001) assays.

    Article Snippet: 25.000 A549 cells were seeded in a 24-well plate and cultured using 600 μL Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM, high glucose, Gibco 31053-028) supplemented with 10% dialysed foetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco A33820-01) and 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin for 24 h. The medium was exchanged, the gel precursor-filled Transwell (Greiner Bio-One 662641) was added, and the experiment started.

    Techniques: Two Tailed Test, Formulation, Control, In Situ, Spheroids, Fluorescence, Diffusion-based Assay, Concentration Assay, Membrane, Quantitative Proteomics, Profiling, Encapsulation